Understanding Anthimeria in Language

Understanding Anthimeria in Language Anthimeria is a rhetorical term for the creation of a new word or expression by using one part of speech or word class in place of another. For example, in the slogan for Turner Classic Movies, Lets Movie, the noun movie is used as a verb. In grammatical studies, anthimeria is known as a functional shift or conversion. The word comes from the Greek, meaning one part for another. Anthimeria and Shakespeare In the National Review in 1991, Linda Bridges and William F. Rickenbacker discussed William Shakespeares use of anthimeria and its impact on the English language. Anthimeria: Use of a word that is normally one part of speech in a situation that requires it to be understood as a different part of speech. In English, and this is one of its greatest virtues, almost any noun can be verbed. Indeed, one can read scarce a page of Shakespeare without running across some new verb hatched out of his teeming loin. To scarf, for example, was the verb implied in Hamlets speech, where he says, My sea-gown  scarfd  about me.   Ben Yagoda wrote about Shakespeare and anthimeria in The New York Times in 2006. Lexical categories are quite useful. They make possible not only Mad Libs but also the rhetorical device  anthimeria - using a word as a  noncustomary  part of speech -   which is the reigning figure of speech of the present moment. Thats not to say its a new thing. In Middle English, the nouns duke and lord started to be used as verbs, and the verbs cut and rule shifted to nouns. Shakespeare was a pro at this; his characters coined verbs -   season  your admiration, dog them at the heels and such nouns as design, scuffle and shudder. Less common shifts are  noun  to adjective (S.J. Perlmans Beauty Part), adjective to noun (the Wicked Witchs Ill get you, my pretty) and adverb to verb (to down a drink).This functional shifting, as grammarians call it, is a favorite target of language mavens, whose eyebrows rise several inches when nouns like impact and access are verbed. Anthimeria in Advertising Yagoda discussed the use of anthimeria in advertising in the Chronicle of Higher Education in 2016. The ubiquity of ads spreads the use of new words, well, like crazy. Ads using  anthimeria  are everywhere. They can be divided into several categories, and I’ll start with the most popular. Adjective Into NounMore Happy - SonosBring the Good - Organic Valley MilkWatch All the Awesome - go90Where Awesome Happens - XfinityWe Put the Good in Morning - Tropicana . . .Noun Into VerbCome TV With Us - HuluHow to Television - AmazonLet’s Holiday - Skyy vodkaAdjective Into AdverbLive Fearless - Blue Cross Blue ShieldBuild It Beautiful - Squarespace . . . I am second to no one in my appreciation for anthimeria and the way it gooses the English language. But at this point, it’s a lazy, played-out cliche, and any copywriters who continue to resort to it should be ashamed of themselves. Examples of Anthimeria Kate: Hes still in the rec room, right?Hurley: I moved him to the boathouse. You just totally Scooby-Dood me, didnt you? -   Eggtown, Lost, 2008Ive often got the kid in my minds eye. Shes a dolichocephalic Trachtenberg, with her daddys narrow face and Jesusy look. -   Saul Bellow, More Die of Heartbreak (1987)Flaubert me no Flauberts. Bovary me no Bovarys. Zola me no Zolas. And exuberance me no exuberance. Leave this stuff for those who huckster in it and give me; I pray you, the benefits of your fine intelligence and your high creative faculties, all of which I so genuinely and profoundly admire. Thomas Wolfe, letter to F. Scott FitzgeraldCalvin and Hobbes on Verbing:Calvin: I like to verb words.Hobbes: What?Calvin: I take nouns and adjectives and use them as verbs. Remember when access was a thing? Now its something you do. It got verbed. Verbing weirds language.Hobbes: Maybe we can eventually make language a complete impediment to understanding. -   Bill Watterson, Calvin an d Hobbes

Football at Slack Essay Example

Football at Slack Essay Example Football at Slack Essay Football at Slack Essay As the train approaches its destination, the poem gains momentum as though possessed of some new energy, then suddenly slows down. The philosophical discourse slackens too, as Larkin can no longer sustain the intensity of his superior knowledge that extends far beyond the superficiality of socially constructed rituals. He relinquishes the awareness that the journey was merely a frail / Travelling coincidence: the experience now inhabits the past, and Larkin releases his hold on it, leaving him free to pursue the fertile possibilities of the future. Larkin has taken us on a journey through more than simply space and time: it has been a journey through experience and knowledge. It has revealed and observed the substance of Englishness: its landscape and the people who inhabit it. The gentle closing lines of the poem: there swelled A sense of falling, like an arrow-shower Sent out of sight, somewhere becoming rain is an optimistic release of the true meaning of life that can never be fully sustained, or indeed realised, by most Englanders. In the poetry which makes up The Whitsun Weddings, Larkin presents the reader with a simple and uncomplicated depiction of the matter of England, through which it is easy to perceive what is the matter with England. Ted Hughes has an altogether different attitude towards the matter of England, and indeed towards poetry itself. There are few overt references to the English nation in his New Selected Poems 1957-1994, primarily because Hughes does not deem the rational division of the earth into separate states to be of any real importance. : To him landscapes, animalistic forces and the scope of nature are not contingent upon the demarcation of a particular region they are equally in existence the world over. However, certain landscapes in his verse can be identified geographically, and many of these are of England, or at least an England of the past. For example, Remains of Elmet is a series of poems which has as its backdrop the last Celtic kingdom; within this geography Hughes brings together history and the activity of contemporary life to create a mythic effect. England is depicted through the portrayal of the whole of western civilisation. The sentiments contained in Hughes poetry apply to England because it has been shaped by the same processes as western culture, and both are now in the grip of a spiritual and natural paralysis. Hughes harbours a powerful contempt for western civilisation because its values and attitudes have impeded the operation of mans natural energy. 4 He conceives of civilisation as a cage from which man must break free and rediscover basic instincts. Thus the role of contemporary society is negated, and the logical rationalism of modernity is denied, in favour of the evocation of primitive but unrecognised natural forces at work in man and his environment. Hughes sees that being disconnected from this inner [primeval] world, life becomes empty, meaningless, sterile. 5, so he uses poetry as a means to discover this life by giving voice to the figure beneath the mask of civilisation. Social history becomes translated into a natural history by Hughes poetry: in October Dawn for example, the social is related to the evolution of the landscape. 6 October Dawn sets a precarious civilisation against the puissant force of nature, a battle which civilisation inevitably loses. This poem emphasises that western culture is subject to the benevolence of the earth, and can be reclaimed at any point. So A glass half full of wine is left out / To the dark heaven all night like an offering to placate some primeval god. Yet the insubstantial wine glass, an emblem of civilisation, is doomed as natural forces begin to conquer all things man-made: Ice/ Has got its spearhead into place. The delicacy soon gives way to something more forceful, which is reflected by the elemental and energetic diction: a fist of cold / Squeezes the fire at the core of the world. Such is the unbridled power of nature that it has eliminated the civilised man and all evidence of his existence, and reinstated the Mammoth and Sabre-tooth, but has only just begun its domination. The potential of the landscape is immense: And now it is about to start. Football at Slack appears in Remains of Elmet, a collection that focuses on a real world inhabited by real people as opposed to the mythopoeic world of Crow, for example. Here, the human and the elemental interact in an exhilarating celebration of vitality. But significantly the human activity of football, a game that occupies an increasingly central role in the culture of England, is contained within the bounds of the landscape: Between plunging valleys, on a bareback of hill. The football game is recounted in a gently mocking tone; the football players take on an absurd quality, and become almost clown-like figures: Men in bunting colours / Bounced, and The rubbery men bounced after it. There is something incongruous about the whole activity men flailing around in the landscape, chasing a ball while the enduring hillside looks on. As always, nature exercises control over the activities of man: The ball jumped up and out and hung on the wind / Over a gulf of treetops. Nature exerts its powers on the men, as though in teasing; for although: the rain lowered a steel press leaving the players practically submerged, they remain: washed and happy. Man interacts with the landscape, and there is the connotation that the landscape watches the match and is entertained by it. Hughes identifies in this football game a vestige of mans natural energy. Yet although in this instance the natural and the social operate side by side in a complicit agreement, Football at Slack carries the suggestion that the hillside could at any time unleash its power on the comical figures: a golden holocaust / Lifted the clouds edge. A bleak, physical landscape once again has supremacy over humankind, and primitive energies possess the advantage over the peculiarities of western civilisation. An awareness of the carnal mentality shared by animals and humans alike is basic to Ted Hughes. 7 The impulse to get back to a new and more vital life principle is ever present in his poetry -he strips humanity down to a bare animal in order to attempt a reconciliation with a consciousness that has insisted on the alienation from the inner life. The Long Tunnel Ceiling is a drama of consciousness, and illustrates the way in which the observation of animals, as representative of the true order of nature, provides the stimulus for the re-acquaintance with our true selves. In The Long Tunnel Ceiling, the sight of a trout in a canal marks a departure from the mundaneness of modern life, and the verse that contains it. The fish takes on the persona of a natural god, a: Master of the Pennine Pass, and in that capacity is exalted, indeed almost worshipped, by Hughes. The sighting of the: Molten pig of many a bronze loach triggers in the poet an imaginative flight into a mystical, natural landscape a flight on which he is accompanied by the reader: Brought down on a midnight cloudburst In a shake-up of heaven and the hills When the streams burst with zig-zags and explosions. An encounter with a single, inert fish initiates a mental and spiritual departure from the heedless bustle of modern life, with its: Lorries from Bradford [and] Rochdale that pass insistently overhead. The animal is accepted as a desirable and precious aspect of the self; against this knowledge, the industrial society that surrounds the poet and the trout fails to possess any meaning. We are left with an awareness of a wild god that flowers like a symbol of hope and sustenance amid the relentless passage of modern life. Her Husband is one of the few poems by Hughes to possess a socially oriented view. A precarious social hierarchy, with males assuming a higher status because they know: The stubborn character of money, is portrayed. The existence of humans and their ultimately insignificant social structures are sustained through the violation of the landscape. Thus civilisation is supported and underpinned by nature. Yet the poem suggests that the physical earth will revenge its desecration at the hands of ruthless humanity: Their jurors are to be assembled / From the little crumbs of soot. The transience and superficiality of western culture is contrasted with the enduring and far superior presence of the landscape and its fossil fuels: Their brief / Goes straight up to heaven and nothing more is heard of it. The farcical notion of the rights of humanity is burnt away as effortlessly as the coal. Hughes portrays basic natural forces with a language of energy and vigour, and in doing so creates a mythic dimension. The poetry of Ted Hughes is neither social commentary nor a straight-forward description of the geography of England. It condemns the whole of western culture, of which England is a part, for distancing itself and its people from the strong primitive urges that comprise the inner self. His aim is to: reconnect our own natural energies with those in the external, natural world8 through the medium of poetry. Both Philip Larkin and Ted Hughes both examine the matter of England, and expose its flaws. But their attitudes towards and treatment of this England differ radically. The term English poets seeks to unite the two perspectives of two poets that remain essentially irreconcilable.

The 10 Most Dangerous Jobs in 2016 [Infographic]

The 10 Most Dangerous Jobs in 2016 [Infographic] It’s no secret that some of the hardest jobs in the world are not given enough praise, recognition, or appreciation. But did you know that some of these jobs are also among the most dangerous? Here are the top 10 most dangerous jobs in 2016:

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 315

Assignment Example The company has accomplished and executed the four factors of corporate social responsibility through taking part in a cause-marketing case such as Project (RED). By donating their revenue for a life-saving operations, the business organization is presented in a good light. The company also generates its turnover in a legal and ethical manner, which forms its sustainable business development. I am of the opinion that corporations, which are socially involved, achieve better financial results, since they concentrate on worldwide social issues and regard this as a possibility to bring more business for the company. 2) Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR, generally being defines as a business concern of the welfare or wellbeing of the society, and run their business activities and operations in lawful and legally accepted manner to generate profit for the company. The four components of corporate social responsibility are Economic responsibilities by being profitable to the company, Legal responsibilities by obeying the law or playing by the rule, Ethical responsibilities by being ethical in carrying business and Philanthropic responsibilities by being a good corporate citizen and also by improving the quality and standard of living of the community and society. Economic performance is important as the foundation of the other three responsibilities, because if it does not achieve good performance, the other three responsibilities will be questionable. CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility and is defined by how much a business organization is concerned about the prosperity of the society. Corporations which implement social responsibility run their affairs in a lawfully abiding way in order to turn a profit. There are four factors of corporate social responsibility. The first one is the economic responsibility to generate revenue for the company. The second is the responsibility to obey the law and act according to

Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Executive summary - Essay Example In 1990, European identity was formed. This was encouraged by values like poverty eradication, job creation, environmental protection, war rejection, freedom and democracy, human rights and European culture diversification (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 107). American media had dominated in 1980’s. This enabled USA to dominate the whole world in terms of imagery and even power. Western Europe countries also started to dominate the media but in minor way. Through technological development, some parts of Western Europe were able to have TV channels. Introduction of satellites made communication easier but western European media failed to introduce. Therefore, the European media was sidelined (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 108). In 1980, European fought cultural imperialism involving itself more on the media industries. An initiative called European Initiative was formed. Television channels were introduced since they were known to be more influential. This led to the existence of the Euronews. Euronews majors on current affairs and news only. It started broadcasting in five languages but currently it does broadcasting in twelve languages. It broadcasts to 333 million households (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 110). Euronews covers all stories from regions and these stories must be relevant to the European citizen. Its journalists ensure that national allusions and references are adhered to. Journalists write their own accounts. The stories they give should balance view where objectivity is the main rule (Polonska & Kimunguyi, 112). Currently, Euronews is trying to reach the whole world. It is broadcasting in twelve languages. This ensures that it is hunting the whole world. Euronews is reaching many countries in the world because European Union is also going global (Polonska & Kimunguyi,

How did Industrialization change America between 1860 and 1900 Essay - 1

How did Industrialization change America between 1860 and 1900 - Essay Example Among the greatest changes that took place in the United States with regard to industrialization is improved living standards. Industrialization brought with it numerous issues and one of the positive issues is that it created employment opportunities. With the increase in industries, there was a basic requirement of workers and these people came from the surrounding areas. These people worked tirelessly with the aim of achieving the most for their industries. The consequent result of this is that people gained more income from the industries and improved their living standards (Meyer 74). Another change that took place is an increase in population. Two major factors that led to this and it is important to review both of them. One of the reasons as to why population increased is because people got comfortable with their lives and decided to multiply. Another reason is the fact that the United States became attractive to many outsiders and thus many immigrants came in from different regions. The reason as to why they came into the country is to look for employment in the upcoming industries at the time. The transport system is another that faced many changes during that period. This happened because people required an elaborate transport system through which they would get to work. Another reason as to why the transport system improved is that entrepreneurs required a fast method through which they would transport their products. With the advent of industries, the food production increased and thus the market widened (Meyer 106). One of the political changes witnessed because of industrialization is the rise of taxation. Prior to industrialization, the concept of taxation was rare but with the increase in goods doing rounds in the market the government found a loophole. The government decided to start taxing traders and this would lead to its accumulation of funds. Thinking in the economic line,

Communicating Across Organizational Boundaries Assignment

Communicating Across Organizational Boundaries - Assignment Example This paper, therefore, provides some of the considerations to be put into place when communicating with colleagues from this country. One of the communication aspects to recognize while in Baghdad is the religion or religious practices of Baghdad inhabitants. Islamic religion dominates almost all parts of the Middle East countries. It is, therefore, necessary to put into consideration the aspect of religious norms whenever you are communicating with colleagues from Baghdad. A Muslim as per the Koran is someone who has accepted Islamic religion and is willing to live his whole life in accordance to the Islamic teachings. It is also necessary to note that Islamic communication aspects are often unique. Therefore, they usually engage in the use of body language whenever they communicate (Emmitt & Gorse, 2003). Muslims believe in showing much respect to one another; therefore, shouting when talking should be totally avoided when engaging in an ordinary conversation with them. Islamic greeting cordially embroils the use of theological terms like â€Å"may peace of the lord be upon you or may God’s blessings be with you† (Hartig, 2011). It is, therefore, highly important to consider these aspects of salutations whenever you are communicating to a colleague from Baghdad. Cultural practices also play a significant role in communication. It is, therefore, necessary to consider Islamic cultural beliefs when communicating with a person from Baghdad. Some languages may be ordinarily used in other countries, but while in Baghdad, these languages are taboos and unpleasant to the ears of Baghdad’s inhabitants. Culture refers to a people’s way of life including their language practices, foods they eat, values and norms (Emmitt & Gorse, 2003). In most cases, Islamic communication aspect of culture is often upheld especially when communicating with elders. Most Muslims uphold a higher integrity of communication values that involve respect for the